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[LTA intro music]

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LiveTextAccess.

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Training for real-time
intralingual subtitlers.

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This is Unit 1.
Understanding accessibility.

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Element 2. Target users and their needs.

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In this video lecture,
we show a short interview by Darja Pajk,

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a member of the Late-Deafened
community from Slovenia.

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My name is Piero Cavallo

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from the Internationale Hochschule
SDI München, in Germany.

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I have prepared this video lecture

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in collaboration with Rocío Bernabé Caro,
also from SDI München,

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and the European Federation
of Hard of Hearing, in short, EFHOH.

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On completion of the training sequence,

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you will be able to explain
the needs and preferences

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of the Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing,
Late-Deafened, and Deaf-Blind community.

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The agenda is very short.

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First, I am going to introduce you
Darja Pajk.

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Then, I will illustrate
the topics of the interview.

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And finally, we will end
this video lecture with a summary.

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First of all,
let me introduce you Darja Pajk.

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Darja Pajk is from Slovenia.

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She refers to herself
as a late-deafened person.

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She has long, red hair.

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She wears a pair of glasses.

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She works as occupational therapist.

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Let me give you some information
before watching the video.

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In the video,
Darja recorded herself with a webcam,

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while she answers some questions
that we sent to her before.

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Darja speaks in English
and the video has English subtitles.

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In this short interview, Darja answers
some questions about late-deafness.

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First, she explains
what late-deafness is

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and the impact
that late-deafness can have.

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Then, Darja describes
how communication works

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for persons with late-deafness.

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Finally, Darja talks about
speech-to-text interpretation,

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or real-time intralingual subtitles,

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as an access service
for the Late-Deafened community.

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Ok, let’s watch the video now!

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[Interviewer] Can you introduce yourself?

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[Darja] Hello, I am Darja Pajk
from Slovenia,

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occupational therapist by profession

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employed now for many years
in an institution,

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which takes care for adults
with mental disabilities.

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[Interviewer] When did you lose
your hearing?

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[Darja] I started losing my hearing
progressively at the age of 23,

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and at the age of 46
I become completely deaf.

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This is when no Hearing Aids
was able to help me anymore.

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I lost my hearing as an adult,

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and that was extremely hard experience
for me and also my family.

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[Interviewer] Can you explain
what late-deafness is?

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[Darja] There is a simple definition
of late-deafness, in fact.

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The late-deafened were born hearing,
developed spoken language skills,

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and lost their hearing progressively
or suddenly later in life as adults.

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Late-Deafened people differ
from those that are born deaf

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or people who are hard of hearing.

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I also distinguish between people
who became deaf in adulthood

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but can understand speech well
with the use of various implants,

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and those who cannot understand it
despite implants.

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And that’s my big fear,

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as I have a hard time imagining

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how much you should change
your way of communicating

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and how much energy needs to be invested
in being able to keep up

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with what’s going on around you.

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In many cases, there is no possibility
of written support.

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[Interviewer] What is the impact
of being a Late-Deafened person?

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[Darja] It is extremely difficult
to accept complete hearing loss

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and live with it.

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Mostly because society oftentimes
does not understand that this can happen

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and that a Late-Deafened person
still wants to be actively involved

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in the same life as before,

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even though

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he or she might not be able to,
due to the hearing loss.

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In addition, of course,
it affects your work

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 and employment opportunities,

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your career prospects,
the time you invest in the environment.

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It is also difficult for a family
that must accept the situation.

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There was no exception for me either.

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First, I isolated myself
from the environment,

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my world had become
extremely diminished,

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and I was in constant fear
that I could not function normally

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in the environment.

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Of course, this affects you.

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And adults who lose
their hearing live in a world

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that knows no hearing loss
and is foreign to them.

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The thing with the hearing loss is,

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that you do not look like
you have a disability,

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people do not notice it,
yet you do have it.

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[Interviewer] As a Late-Deafened person,

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how do you communicate
with other people?

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And how other people
communicate with you?

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[Darja] In the beginning,
when I completely lost my hearing,

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I was in an immense crisis

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and did not know
how to talk to people at all,

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because I was not able to understand
speech in many situations.

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I was not a member of any association
of Hard of Hearing or Deaf people,

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nor did I know them.

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Later, I joined
the Slovenian organization

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of the Deaf and Hard of Hearing
and met others there.

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For the most part, however,
the focus was on sign language.

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I also started learning it myself,

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but it was quite foreign to me

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and no one in my environment
spoke or knew it.

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It is also slow and not rich enough
in words for my needs.

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Thus, I always approached people
at short a distance,

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I sought a peaceful environment
and I helped myself with lip-reading.

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Of course, I used in this time
enormously powerful hearing aids

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and in some situation FM
and induction loops.

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Several times, friends helped me
by writing short summaries for me,

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so I knew
what the conversation was about.

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I didn't even know the other methods.

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I additionally checked
all the information online

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and tried to use as many written methods
of communication as possible.

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And when I saw the possibilities
of speech-to-text

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at the EFHOH and IFHOH conferences,

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I was immensely fascinated.

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For the first time in many years,
I felt normal,

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and I was able to follow the lecture.

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I now use cochlear implant
which serves me very well

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and I communicate in most cases
without any problems.

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However, I experience
some problems in crowded spaces

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and when I am feeling overwhelmed.

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At that time, the possibility of reading

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written information
or communicating in writing,

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extremely helps me.

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It is also possible to use
additional sound amplifiers

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in addition to the implant,

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but despite the simplicity,
this is often still difficult to do,

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as you always need an additional device
or an Internet connection.

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Communication is best done
at a normal volume of speech

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in a quiet space with only one person
speaking who articulates well

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or at least normally.

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It is helpful
when the speaker faces the listener.

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And also, it is very welcome

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if Late-Deafened person explains
about problems which he or she has.

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But perfect option is,

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if there is possibility
for speech-to-text support

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especially in noisy environment.

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[Interviewer] How do you plan
and organize for communication?

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[Darja] In my normal life,
since I have the implant,

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I only make sure that the processors
are always fully charged.

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So, this means that if I stay overnight,
I always have chargers with me.

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Of course, sometimes I forget about it

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and then I must return home
or try to find a place

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where I can buy a spare one.

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I am also lucky to hear well
on the phone

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and I do not often need to use
other devices.

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But sometimes I still do have to use
an additional sound amplifier

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that transmits the sounds
directly to the processor,

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specially AudioLink and Artone 3 Max.

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Thus, I need to make sure 
they are always fully charged

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and that I have them with me.

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Figuring out what exactly you need
all the time and carry with you,

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takes a really long time

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and you are always in stress
if you have everything with you,

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how to connect everything
so that you can hear well.

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But before meetings,
I always explain that I am deaf,

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a cochlear implant user

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and that I might not be able
to understand everything properly.

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I also always check
where is the best position to sit

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to see and hear optimally.

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But now, there is quite a big problem

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because of mask people wear,
as they cover their mouths.

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[Interviewer] Are real-time
intralingual subtitles a good support

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for Late-Deafened people?

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[Darja] Yes, it is perfect.

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As I mentioned before,
with speech-to-text reporter near you,

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you feel normal as you can follow
and know what is going on.

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And I really enjoyed
in some meetings of EFHOH

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where I met a speech-to-text supporter

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who followed only one person

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and thus also participated
in social events by typing all the time.

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This really made it possible
to understand and socialize.

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In my opinion speech-to-text
reporters are a wonderful support

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for Late-Deafened people.

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[Interviewer] When and where
do you personally use

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real-time intralingual subtitles?

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[Darja] Unfortunately,

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the speech-to-text did not exist
in Slovenia until recently.

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Even in our organization of Deaf
and Hard of Hearing people,

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a speech-to-text reporter
was not available,

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and we had to reply on
the induction loop at the meetings.

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In 2020, however,
at least in our organization,

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a team was formed that performs
speech-to-text at our Zoom meetings,

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which is extremely welcome.

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In this way, people have begun to learn
what speech-to-text means

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and how they can participate in events,
trainings, meetings, and so on.

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I do not use speech-to-text at home
because it is not available,

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as I said before,

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nor in the study,
nor in the work environment.

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For me it would be useful
during educational trainings, meetings.

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[Interviewer] Do you have
any suggestions

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for current and future
real-time intralingual subtitlers?

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[Darja] It is extremely important
for Late-Deafened people

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to be able to follow
the content of the conversation.

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It is important to focus on the content

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and there is no need
to write down all the sounds.

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There is also no need
to correct the text,

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even if someone makes a mistake
and writes something wrong,

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but it is necessary
that the content is correct.

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And I really wish

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that the speech-to-text profession
would spread everywhere,

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and Late-Deafened people would have
possibility to cooperate equal.

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The summary.

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To briefly sum up,

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we can say that late-deafness
is an impactful impairment

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for the person who is experiencing
the hearing loss

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and his or her family too.

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Then, we have seen that persons
with late-deafness can use devices,

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like cochlear implants,

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and also benefit from sound devices,
such as amplifiers.

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Finally, we have seen
that real-time subtitles can really help

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to follow the content of a conversation

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and socialize on an equal basis
in different contexts.

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As Darja explains,

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subtitles also support
the audiological treatment

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for this target group.

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Exercises.

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The exercises for this video lecture are
in the Trainer’s Guide

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and the PowerPoint file.

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[LTA outro music]

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LTA - LiveTextAccess.

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Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona.

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SDI - Internationale Hochschule.

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Scuola Superiore
per Mediatori Linguistici.

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2DFDigital.

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The European Federation
of Hard of Hearing People - EFHOH.

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VELOTYPE.

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SUB-TI ACCESS.

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European Certification
and Qualification Association - ECQA.

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Co-funded by the Erasmus+ Programme
of the European Union.

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Erasmus+ Project:

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2018-1-DE01-KA203-004218.

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The information and views set
on this presentation

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are those of the authors

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and do not necessarily reflect
the official opinion

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of the European Union.

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Neither the European Union
institutions and bodies

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nor any person acting on their behalf

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may be held responsible for the use

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which may be made
of the information contained here.